Topline:
Individuals with unhealthy lifestyles, including current smoking status, low physical activity and low membership of food directives, have shown high levels of resident cholesterol, which partly explained the excess risk to Myocardial infarction (Mi) and coronary (CHD).
METHODOLOGY:
- The researchers used data from a prospective cohort of a study by the general Danish population (2003-2015) to determine whether high levels of residual cholesterol explain the excess risk for IM and CHD in people Having unhealthy lifestyles.
- They included 104,867 people (median age, 57.74 years; 55.6% of women) who were sheltered from coronary artery on exam.
- Lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical activity (low in less than 4 hours of activity of the light intensity or less than 2 hours of high intensity activity per week), the contribution alcohol (high, but more than 120 g per week) and food membership (food membership (non-adherence defined as a low consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish and a high consumption of saturated fats, sucrose, fast food and cold meat cuts) were assessed.
- Resident cholesterol was calculated by subtracting high density lipoprotein cholesterol total cholesterol.
- The main evaluation criterion was the development of IM and CHD on median monitoring of 9.2 years.
TAKE AWAY:
- People with current smoking status, low physical activity, low food membership and low alcohol consumption had higher risks for IM (adjusted risk ratio (AHR), 2.85; CI at 95 %, 2.23-3.64) and CHD (AHR, 2.53; 95 % CI, 2.04-3.13) than those with healthier life behavior.
- Current smoking, low physical activity and low adhesion to food directives were all associated with high levels of resident cholesterol.
- For current smoking, resident cholesterol explained 15% (95% CI, 9.7% to 20%) of the excess risk of the IM and 16% (95% CI, 11% to 21%) of risk surplus of CHD.
- For low physical activity, residual cholesterol explained 20% (95% CI, 13% to 27%) of the excess risk of Mi and 21% (95% CI, 15% to 28%) of the risk excess values corresponding for low membership of food directives was 12% (95% CI, 6.6% -18%) and 14% (95% CI, 8% -19%), respectively.
IN PRACTICE:
“Ideally, a high tightened cholesterol due to the unhealthy lifestyle must be corrected by improving lifestyle, including recommendations to quit smoking, increase physical activity and increase the contribution of fruits and vegetables, To use unsaturated fats instead of saturated fats for hot and cold meals, to increase fish intake and reduce sugar intake, refined carbohydrates and fast food, “the authors wrote.
SOURCE:
This study was conducted by Mia Ø Johansen, from the Copenhagen, Herlev and Gentofte university hospital, Denmark. It was published online on February 7, 2025, in Lancet regional health – Europe.
BOUNDARIES:
This study did not evaluate the causality between exposure, the mediator and the results. The food assessment was based on a short and simple food frequency questionnaire. The study focused on white adults of Danish origin and was carried out in a high -income country with access to universal health care, thus limiting its generalization.
Disclosure:
This study was funded by the independent research fund Denmark, Johan Boserup and Lise Boserups Grant and Medical Research Council. An author said he received sponsorship for conferences and consultants from several pharmaceutical companies and as elected president of Europe Atherosclerosis Company. Two other authors said they had financial links with pharmaceutical companies. Other authors have not pointed out any conflict of interest.
This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human publishers examined this content before the publication.